I would guess no. My feeling is the Denarian took that name as a perversion or inversion of Nicodemus of the New Testament. In the Book of John, Nicodemus is a Pharisee who meets Jesus and asks him how to enter the Kingdom of God. He struggles with the ideas he is taught. In the end, he helps prepare Jesus body for burial. That's a short and very truncated version of events in the Book of John.
I think Nicodemus Archleone's backstory may be; spiritually at least, the opposite or near opposite of the biblical Nicodemus. He meets with a Fallen Angel, then struggles with what he learns, but in the end follows the path Anduriel set for him. Yes, Nicodemus Archleone will claim in Skin Game that he leads the Fallen, but that was just his own arrogance speaking.
I may have the details wrong. That's a near certainty, but I might have the essence right.
Then again, maybe Nicodemus was just a very popular name back then. 
My knowledge of the New Testament is limited, but I also remember that Nicodemus was the man who helped to take down Jesus from the Cross, I also think it was his tomb that they placed the body of Jesus in, but I could be wrong about that part.
As for the Pharisee who I believe was also rich who asked Jesus how to enter the Kingdom of Heaven? Was answered I think with the famous "eye of a needle" quote. Now it is possible that that was Nic, who got very upset about that and somewhere along the line became buds with Judas. Nic's noose has never been explained, we all know about the most famous noose in history, the one that hung Judas. So we keep on coming back to this point in history, also Judas was paid with thirty pieces of silver, there are thirty Denarians each trapped in presumedly one of those coins.